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Sass @mixin and @include

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Sass Mixins

The @mixin directive lets you create CSS code that is to be reused throughout the website.

The @include directive is created to let you use (include) the mixin.

Defining a Mixin

A mixin is defined with the @mixin directive.

Sass @mixin Syntax:

@mixin name {
  property: value;
  property: value;
  ...
}

The following example creates a mixin named "important-text":

SCSS Syntax:

@mixin important-text {
  color: red;
  font-size: 25px;
  font-weight: bold;
  border: 1px solid blue;
}

Tip: A tip on hyphens and underscore in Sass: Hyphens and underscores are considered to be the same. This means that @mixin important-text { } and @mixin important_text { } are considered as the same mixin!

Using a Mixin

The @include directive is used to include a mixin.

Sass @include mixin Syntax:

selector {
  @include mixin-name;
}

So, to include the important-text mixin created above:

SCSS Syntax:

.danger {
  @include important-text;
  background-color: green;
}

The Sass transpiler will convert the above to normal CSS:

CSS output:

.danger {
  color: red;
  font-size: 25px;
  font-weight: bold;
  border: 1px solid blue;
  background-color: green;
}

Run Example »

A mixin can also include other mixins:

SCSS Syntax:

@mixin special-text {
  @include important-text;
  @include link;
  @include special-border;
}

Passing Variables to a Mixin

Mixins accept arguments. This way you can pass variables to a mixin.

Here is how to define a mixin with arguments:

SCSS Syntax:

/* Define mixin with two arguments */
@mixin bordered($color, $width) {
  border: $width solid $color;
}

.myArticle {
  @include bordered(blue, 1px);  // Call mixin with two values
}

.myNotes {
  @include bordered(red, 2px); // Call mixin with two values
}

Notice that the arguments are set as variables and then used as the values (color and width) of the border property.

After compilation, the CSS will look like this:

CSS Output:

.myArticle {
  border: 1px solid blue;
}

.myNotes {
  border: 2px solid red;
}

Run Example »

Default Values for a Mixin

It is also possible to define default values for mixin variables:

SCSS Syntax:

@mixin bordered($color: blue, $width: 1px) {
  border: $width solid $color;
}

Then, you only need to specify the values that change when you include the mixin:

SCSS Syntax:

.myTips {
  @include bordered($color: orange);
}

Using a Mixin For Vendor Prefixes

Another good use of a mixin is for vendor prefixes.

Here is an example for transform:

SCSS Syntax:

@mixin transform($property) {
  -webkit-transform: $property;
  -ms-transform: $property;
  transform: $property;
}

.myBox {
  @include transform(rotate(20deg));
}

After compilation, the CSS will look like this:

CSS Output:

.myBox {
  -webkit-transform: rotate(20deg);
  -ms-transform: rotate(20deg);
  transform: rotate(20deg);
}


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